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{{Infobox_Philosopher | region = Western Philosophy | era = [19th-century philosophy, | color = #B0C4DE |

image_name = Young frege.jpg| image_caption = Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege|

name = '''Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege''' | birth = November 8, [ | death = 26 July, [ | school_tradition = [Analytic philosophy | main_interests = [Philosophy of mathematics, [mathematical logic, [Philosophy of language| influenced = [Giuseppe Peano, [Bertrand Russell, [Rudolf Carnap, [Ludwig Wittgenstein, [Michael Dummett, [Edmund Husserl, and most of the [Analytic philosophy | notable_ideas = [Predicate calculus, [Logicism, [Sense and reference |

-->

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848, Wismar, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 26 July 1925, :de:Bad Kleinen, Germany) () was a Germany mathematics who became a logician and philosophy. He helped found both modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His work has exerted a fundamental and far-reaching influence on 20th-century philosophy, especially in English-speaking countries.

Life Childhood (1848–1869) Frege was born in 1848 in Wismar, in the state of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (the modern Germany federal state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). His father, Karl Alexander Frege, was the founder of a girls' high school, of which he was the headmaster until his death in 1866. From this time, the school was led by Frege's mother, Auguste Wilhelmine Sophie Frege (née Bialloblotzky). His mother in all likelihood had Polish people roots.

Already in his childhood, Frege encountered philosophy which would guide his future scientific career. For example, his father wrote a textbook on the German language for children aged 9-13, the first section of which dealt with the structure and logic of language.

Frege studied at a gymnasium (school) in Wismar, and graduated at the age of 15. His teacher Leo Sachse (also a poet) played the most important role in determining his future scientific career, encouraging him to continue his studies at the University of Jena.

Studies at University: Jena and Göttingen (1869–1874) Frege signed up to the University of Jena in the spring of 1869 as a citizen of the North German Federation. In the four semesters of his studies there he attended around 20 lectures, primarily on mathematics and physics. The progress he made in his studies was excellent.

His most important teacher was Ernst Abbe (physicist, mathematician and inventor). Abbe gave Frege lectures on The Theory of Gravity, Galvanism and electrodynamics, Complex analysis, Applications of physics, Selected divisions of mechanics, and The mechanics of solids. Abbe, not as a teacher, but as director of Zeiss, the optical manufacturers, and as a trusted friend had a great effect on Frege, and after Frege's (absolution?) they came into closer correspondence.

His other notable university teachers were Karl Snell (subjects: The use of infinitesimal analysis in geometry, The analytical geometry of plane (geometry), Analytical mechanics, Optics, The physical foundations of mechanics); Hermann Schäffer (Analytical geometry, Applied physics, Algebraic analysis, On the telegraph and other electronics); and a famous philosopher, Kuno Fischer (The history of Kantianism and critical philosophy).

In 1871, Frege continued his studies in Göttingen, the leading university in mathematics in German-speaking territories. Here, he attended the lectures of Alfred Clebsch (Analytical geometry), Ernst Schering (Function theory), Wilhelm Weber (Physical studies, Applied physics), Eduard Riecke (The theory of electricity) and (in the words of Werner Stelzner), "ingenious philosopher" Rudolf Hermann Lotze (The philosophy of religion). In many aspects, the ideologies of Frege and Lotze agree: in the philosophy of Frege, there are many items which point to Lotze's influence (for example, they both expressed strong opposition to one of the era's new philosophical sciences, psychology), and it has been the object of many debates whether he gained these ideas in his time at Göttingen and primarily due to Lotze: this is not for sure.

In 1873 Frege attained his doctorate with Ernst Schering, with a dissertation under the title of "Über eine geometrische Darstellung der imaginären Gebilde in der Ebene" ("'On a Geometrical Representation of Imaginary Forms in a Plane"), in which he aimed to solve such fundamental problems in geometry as the mathematical interpretation of projective geometry's infinitely distant (imaginary) points.

Work as a Logician Though his education and early work were mathematical, and especially geometrical, Frege's thought soon turned to logic. His 1879 Begriffsschrift (Concept Script) marked a turning point in the history of logic. The Begriffsschrift broke much new ground, including a clean treatment of function (mathematics)s and variables. Frege wanted to show that mathematics grew out of logic, but in so doing devised techniques that took him far beyond the Aristotelian syllogistic and Stoic propositional logic that had come down to him in the logical tradition. In effect, he invented axiomatization predicate logic, in large part thanks to his invention of quantification, which eventually became ubiquitous in mathematics and logic, and solved the problem of multiple generality. Though previous logic had dealt with the logical constants and, or, if...then..., not, and some and all, iterations of these operations were little understood; even the distinction between a pair of sentences like "every boy loves some girl" and "some girl is loved by every boy" could not be represented. It is sometimes noted that Aristotle's logic would not be able to represent even the most elementary inferences in Euclid's geometry, but Frege's "conceptual notation" could represent inferences involving indefinitely complex mathematical statements. Hence the analysis of logical concepts and the machinery of formalization that is essential to Bertrand Russell's theory of descriptions and Principia Mathematica (with Alfred North Whitehead), and to Kurt Gödel Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and to Alfred Tarski's theory of truth, is ultimately due to Frege.

Frege's purpose was to defend the view that arithmetic is a branch of logic, a view known as logicism. Already in the 1879 Begriffschrifft important preliminary theorems related to mathematical induction were derived within pure logic.

In his later Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (1893, 1903), published at its author's expense, he attempted to derive all of the laws of arithmetic from axioms he asserted as logical. Most of these axioms were carried over from his Begriffsschrift, though not without some significant changes. The one truly new principle was one he called the Basic Law V: the "value-range" of the function f(x) is the same as the "value-range" of the function g(x) if and only if ∀x = g(x). In modern notation and terminology, let {x] of the Predicate (logic) Fx, and similarly for Gx. Then Basic Law V says that the predicates Fx and Gx have the same extension iff ∀x ↔ Gx.

In a famous episode, Bertrand Russell wrote to Frege, just as Vol. 2 of the Grundgesetze was about to go to press in 1903, showing that Russell's paradox could be derived from Frege's Basic Law V. (This letter and Frege's reply thereto are translated in Jean van Heijenoort 1967.) Hence the system of the Grundgesetze was inconsistent. Frege wrote a hasty last-minute appendix to vol. 2, deriving the contradiction and proposing to eliminate it by modifying Basic Law V.

Frege's proposed remedy was subsequently shown to imply that there is but one object in the universe of discourse, and hence is worthless (indeed this would make for a contradiction in Frege's system if he had axiomatized the idea, fundamental to his discussion, that the True and the False are distinct objects; see e.g. Michael Dummett 1973). But recent work has shown that much of the program of the Grundgesetze might be salvaged in other ways:

Frege's work in logic was little recognized in his day, in considerable part because his peculiar diagrammatic notation had no antecedents; it has since had no imitators. Moreover, until Principia Mathematica appeared, 1910-13, the dominant approach to mathematical logic was still that of George Boole and his descendants, especially Ernst Schroeder. Frege's logical ideas nevertheless spread through the writings of his student Rudolph Carnap and other admirers, particularly Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

It has been argued, most energetically in Fredric W. Katz's doctoral dissertation, "Sets and Their Sizes," that Frege is the father of the relational database.

Philosopher Frege is one of the founders of analytic philosophy, mainly because of his contributions to the philosophy of language, including the:

As a philosopher of mathematics, Frege attacked the psychologism appeal to mental explanations of the content of judgment of the meaning of sentences. His original purpose was very far from answering general questions about meaning; instead, he devised his logic to explore the foundations of arithmetic, undertaking to answer questions such as "What is a number?" or "What objects do number-words ("one", "two", etc.) refer to?" But in pursuing these matters, he eventually found himself analysing and explaining what meaning is, and thus came to several conclusions that proved highly consequential for the subsequent course of analytic philosophy and the philosophy of language.

It should be kept in mind that Frege was employed as a mathematician, not a philosopher, and published his philosophical papers in scholarly journals that often were hard to access outside of the German speaking world. He never published a philosophical monograph other than The Foundations of Arithmetic, much of which was mathematical in content, and the first collections of his writings appeared only after World War II. A volume of English translations of Frege's philosophical essays first appeared in 1952, edited by students of Wittgenstein, Peter Geach and Max Black - with the bibliographic assistance of Wittgenstein (see Geach ed. 1975, introduction). Hence despite the generous praise of Russell and Wittgenstein, Frege was little known as a philosopher during his lifetime. His ideas spread chiefly through those he influenced, such as Russell, Wittgenstein, and Carnap, and through Polish work on logic and semantics.

"Sinn" and "Bedeutung" The distinction between Sinn and Bedeutung (usually translated "Sense and Reference", but also as "Sense and Meaning" or "Sense and Denotation") was an innovation of Frege in his 1892 paper Über Sinn und Bedeutung ("On Sense and Reference"). According to Frege, sense and reference are two different aspects of the significance of an expression. Frege applied "Bedeutung" in the first instance to proper names, where it means the bearer of the name, the object in question, but then also to other expressions, including complete sentences, which bedeuten the two "truth values", the true and the false; by contrast, the sense or Sinn associated with a complete sentence is the thought it expresses. The sense of an expression is said to be the "mode of presentation" of the item referred to. The distinction can be illustrated thus: In their ordinary uses, the name "Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor," which for logical purposes is an unanalyzable whole, and the functional expression "the Prince of Wales," which contains the significant parts "the prince of ξ" and "Wales", have the same reference, namely the person best known as Prince Charles. But the sense of the word "Wales" is a part of the sense of the latter expression, but no part of the sense of the "full name" of Prince Charles.These distinctions were disputed by Bertrand Russell, especially in his paper "On Denoting"; the controversy has continued into the present, fueled especially by the famous lectures on "Naming and Necessity" of Saul Kripke.

Important dates

Important Works First-order logic and foundations of arithmetic Begriffsschrift (1879) The Foundations of Arithmetic (1884) Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1 (1893); Vol. 2 (1903)

Philosophical studies Function and Concept (1891) On Sense and Reference (1892) Concept and Object (1892) What is a Function? (1904)

Logical Investigations (1918–1923)Frege intended that the following three papers be published together in a book titled Logische Untersuchungen (Logical Investigations). Though the German book never appeared, English translations did appear together in Logical Investigations, ed. Peter Geach, Blackwells, 1975.

Articles on Geometry

References Primary

Secondary Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's. A critical survey of the work by Boolos, Heck, and others attempting to rehabilitate Frege's logicism. Contains 12 papers on Frege's logic and logistic approach to the foundations of arithmetic. Ostensibly about Wittgenstein, but contains several valuable articles on Frege. Explores the significance of Frege's theorem, and his mathematical and intellectural background. Fair to the mathematician, less so to the philosopher. Chpt. 3 recasts the system of the Grundgesetze in modern notation, and derives the Peano axioms in this system using natural deduction. On the Frege-Husserl-Cantor triangle. Excellent introduction and overview of Frege's philosophy for the philosopher and the non-philosopher. Contains a total of thirty-one essays on Frege's work by prominent philosophers; essays divided into three part subject matter sections: 1. 'Frege's Ontology', 2. 'Frege's Semantics', and 3. 'Frege's Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics'. Analyses and explains Frege's thought on definitions. An examination of why Frege first appears in Piaget's writings in 1949, twenty-five years after he began publishing on logic and epistemology. Written from the viewpoint of a modern philosopher of language and logic, contains a systematic exposition and a scope-restricted defense of Frege's Grundlagen conception of numbers.

External links



{{Persondata] logician and philosophy|DATE OF BIRTH = November 8, 1848|DATE OF DEATH = [July 26, [1925--> {{Infobox_Philosopher | region = Western Philosophy | era = [19th-century philosophy, | color = #B0C4DE |

image_name = Young frege.jpg| image_caption = Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege|

name = '''Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege''' | birth = November 8, [ | death = 26 July, [ | school_tradition = [Analytic philosophy | main_interests = [Philosophy of mathematics, [mathematical logic, [Philosophy of language| influenced = [Giuseppe Peano, [Bertrand Russell, [Rudolf Carnap, [Ludwig Wittgenstein, [Michael Dummett, [Edmund Husserl, and most of the [Analytic philosophy | notable_ideas = [Predicate calculus, [Logicism, [Sense and reference |

-->

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848, Wismar, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 26 July 1925, :de:Bad Kleinen, Germany) () was a Germany mathematics who became a logician and philosophy. He helped found both modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His work has exerted a fundamental and far-reaching influence on 20th-century philosophy, especially in English-speaking countries.

Life Childhood (1848–1869) Frege was born in 1848 in Wismar, in the state of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (the modern Germany federal state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). His father, Karl Alexander Frege, was the founder of a girls' high school, of which he was the headmaster until his death in 1866. From this time, the school was led by Frege's mother, Auguste Wilhelmine Sophie Frege (née Bialloblotzky). His mother in all likelihood had Polish people roots.

Already in his childhood, Frege encountered philosophy which would guide his future scientific career. For example, his father wrote a textbook on the German language for children aged 9-13, the first section of which dealt with the structure and logic of language.

Frege studied at a gymnasium (school) in Wismar, and graduated at the age of 15. His teacher Leo Sachse (also a poet) played the most important role in determining his future scientific career, encouraging him to continue his studies at the University of Jena.

Studies at University: Jena and Göttingen (1869–1874) Frege signed up to the University of Jena in the spring of 1869 as a citizen of the North German Federation. In the four semesters of his studies there he attended around 20 lectures, primarily on mathematics and physics. The progress he made in his studies was excellent.

His most important teacher was Ernst Abbe (physicist, mathematician and inventor). Abbe gave Frege lectures on The Theory of Gravity, Galvanism and electrodynamics, Complex analysis, Applications of physics, Selected divisions of mechanics, and The mechanics of solids. Abbe, not as a teacher, but as director of Zeiss, the optical manufacturers, and as a trusted friend had a great effect on Frege, and after Frege's (absolution?) they came into closer correspondence.

His other notable university teachers were Karl Snell (subjects: The use of infinitesimal analysis in geometry, The analytical geometry of plane (geometry), Analytical mechanics, Optics, The physical foundations of mechanics); Hermann Schäffer (Analytical geometry, Applied physics, Algebraic analysis, On the telegraph and other electronics); and a famous philosopher, Kuno Fischer (The history of Kantianism and critical philosophy).

In 1871, Frege continued his studies in Göttingen, the leading university in mathematics in German-speaking territories. Here, he attended the lectures of Alfred Clebsch (Analytical geometry), Ernst Schering (Function theory), Wilhelm Weber (Physical studies, Applied physics), Eduard Riecke (The theory of electricity) and (in the words of Werner Stelzner), "ingenious philosopher" Rudolf Hermann Lotze (The philosophy of religion). In many aspects, the ideologies of Frege and Lotze agree: in the philosophy of Frege, there are many items which point to Lotze's influence (for example, they both expressed strong opposition to one of the era's new philosophical sciences, psychology), and it has been the object of many debates whether he gained these ideas in his time at Göttingen and primarily due to Lotze: this is not for sure.

In 1873 Frege attained his doctorate with Ernst Schering, with a dissertation under the title of "Über eine geometrische Darstellung der imaginären Gebilde in der Ebene" ("'On a Geometrical Representation of Imaginary Forms in a Plane"), in which he aimed to solve such fundamental problems in geometry as the mathematical interpretation of projective geometry's infinitely distant (imaginary) points.

Work as a Logician Though his education and early work were mathematical, and especially geometrical, Frege's thought soon turned to logic. His 1879 Begriffsschrift (Concept Script) marked a turning point in the history of logic. The Begriffsschrift broke much new ground, including a clean treatment of function (mathematics)s and variables. Frege wanted to show that mathematics grew out of logic, but in so doing devised techniques that took him far beyond the Aristotelian syllogistic and Stoic propositional logic that had come down to him in the logical tradition. In effect, he invented axiomatization predicate logic, in large part thanks to his invention of quantification, which eventually became ubiquitous in mathematics and logic, and solved the problem of multiple generality. Though previous logic had dealt with the logical constants and, or, if...then..., not, and some and all, iterations of these operations were little understood; even the distinction between a pair of sentences like "every boy loves some girl" and "some girl is loved by every boy" could not be represented. It is sometimes noted that Aristotle's logic would not be able to represent even the most elementary inferences in Euclid's geometry, but Frege's "conceptual notation" could represent inferences involving indefinitely complex mathematical statements. Hence the analysis of logical concepts and the machinery of formalization that is essential to Bertrand Russell's theory of descriptions and Principia Mathematica (with Alfred North Whitehead), and to Kurt Gödel Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and to Alfred Tarski's theory of truth, is ultimately due to Frege.

Frege's purpose was to defend the view that arithmetic is a branch of logic, a view known as logicism. Already in the 1879 Begriffschrifft important preliminary theorems related to mathematical induction were derived within pure logic.

In his later Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (1893, 1903), published at its author's expense, he attempted to derive all of the laws of arithmetic from axioms he asserted as logical. Most of these axioms were carried over from his Begriffsschrift, though not without some significant changes. The one truly new principle was one he called the Basic Law V: the "value-range" of the function f(x) is the same as the "value-range" of the function g(x) if and only if ∀x = g(x). In modern notation and terminology, let {x] of the Predicate (logic) Fx, and similarly for Gx. Then Basic Law V says that the predicates Fx and Gx have the same extension iff ∀x ↔ Gx.

In a famous episode, Bertrand Russell wrote to Frege, just as Vol. 2 of the Grundgesetze was about to go to press in 1903, showing that Russell's paradox could be derived from Frege's Basic Law V. (This letter and Frege's reply thereto are translated in Jean van Heijenoort 1967.) Hence the system of the Grundgesetze was inconsistent. Frege wrote a hasty last-minute appendix to vol. 2, deriving the contradiction and proposing to eliminate it by modifying Basic Law V.

Frege's proposed remedy was subsequently shown to imply that there is but one object in the universe of discourse, and hence is worthless (indeed this would make for a contradiction in Frege's system if he had axiomatized the idea, fundamental to his discussion, that the True and the False are distinct objects; see e.g. Michael Dummett 1973). But recent work has shown that much of the program of the Grundgesetze might be salvaged in other ways:

Frege's work in logic was little recognized in his day, in considerable part because his peculiar diagrammatic notation had no antecedents; it has since had no imitators. Moreover, until Principia Mathematica appeared, 1910-13, the dominant approach to mathematical logic was still that of George Boole and his descendants, especially Ernst Schroeder. Frege's logical ideas nevertheless spread through the writings of his student Rudolph Carnap and other admirers, particularly Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

It has been argued, most energetically in Fredric W. Katz's doctoral dissertation, "Sets and Their Sizes," that Frege is the father of the relational database.

Philosopher Frege is one of the founders of analytic philosophy, mainly because of his contributions to the philosophy of language, including the:

As a philosopher of mathematics, Frege attacked the psychologism appeal to mental explanations of the content of judgment of the meaning of sentences. His original purpose was very far from answering general questions about meaning; instead, he devised his logic to explore the foundations of arithmetic, undertaking to answer questions such as "What is a number?" or "What objects do number-words ("one", "two", etc.) refer to?" But in pursuing these matters, he eventually found himself analysing and explaining what meaning is, and thus came to several conclusions that proved highly consequential for the subsequent course of analytic philosophy and the philosophy of language.

It should be kept in mind that Frege was employed as a mathematician, not a philosopher, and published his philosophical papers in scholarly journals that often were hard to access outside of the German speaking world. He never published a philosophical monograph other than The Foundations of Arithmetic, much of which was mathematical in content, and the first collections of his writings appeared only after World War II. A volume of English translations of Frege's philosophical essays first appeared in 1952, edited by students of Wittgenstein, Peter Geach and Max Black - with the bibliographic assistance of Wittgenstein (see Geach ed. 1975, introduction). Hence despite the generous praise of Russell and Wittgenstein, Frege was little known as a philosopher during his lifetime. His ideas spread chiefly through those he influenced, such as Russell, Wittgenstein, and Carnap, and through Polish work on logic and semantics.

"Sinn" and "Bedeutung" The distinction between Sinn and Bedeutung (usually translated "Sense and Reference", but also as "Sense and Meaning" or "Sense and Denotation") was an innovation of Frege in his 1892 paper Über Sinn und Bedeutung ("On Sense and Reference"). According to Frege, sense and reference are two different aspects of the significance of an expression. Frege applied "Bedeutung" in the first instance to proper names, where it means the bearer of the name, the object in question, but then also to other expressions, including complete sentences, which bedeuten the two "truth values", the true and the false; by contrast, the sense or Sinn associated with a complete sentence is the thought it expresses. The sense of an expression is said to be the "mode of presentation" of the item referred to. The distinction can be illustrated thus: In their ordinary uses, the name "Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor," which for logical purposes is an unanalyzable whole, and the functional expression "the Prince of Wales," which contains the significant parts "the prince of ξ" and "Wales", have the same reference, namely the person best known as Prince Charles. But the sense of the word "Wales" is a part of the sense of the latter expression, but no part of the sense of the "full name" of Prince Charles.These distinctions were disputed by Bertrand Russell, especially in his paper "On Denoting"; the controversy has continued into the present, fueled especially by the famous lectures on "Naming and Necessity" of Saul Kripke.

Important dates

Important Works First-order logic and foundations of arithmetic Begriffsschrift (1879) The Foundations of Arithmetic (1884) Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1 (1893); Vol. 2 (1903)

Philosophical studies Function and Concept (1891) On Sense and Reference (1892) Concept and Object (1892) What is a Function? (1904)

Logical Investigations (1918–1923)Frege intended that the following three papers be published together in a book titled Logische Untersuchungen (Logical Investigations). Though the German book never appeared, English translations did appear together in Logical Investigations, ed. Peter Geach, Blackwells, 1975.

Articles on Geometry

References Primary

Secondary Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's. A critical survey of the work by Boolos, Heck, and others attempting to rehabilitate Frege's logicism. Contains 12 papers on Frege's logic and logistic approach to the foundations of arithmetic. Ostensibly about Wittgenstein, but contains several valuable articles on Frege. Explores the significance of Frege's theorem, and his mathematical and intellectural background. Fair to the mathematician, less so to the philosopher. Chpt. 3 recasts the system of the Grundgesetze in modern notation, and derives the Peano axioms in this system using natural deduction. On the Frege-Husserl-Cantor triangle. Excellent introduction and overview of Frege's philosophy for the philosopher and the non-philosopher. Contains a total of thirty-one essays on Frege's work by prominent philosophers; essays divided into three part subject matter sections: 1. 'Frege's Ontology', 2. 'Frege's Semantics', and 3. 'Frege's Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics'. Analyses and explains Frege's thought on definitions. An examination of why Frege first appears in Piaget's writings in 1949, twenty-five years after he began publishing on logic and epistemology. Written from the viewpoint of a modern philosopher of language and logic, contains a systematic exposition and a scope-restricted defense of Frege's Grundlagen conception of numbers.

External links



{{Persondata] logician and philosophy|DATE OF BIRTH = November 8, 1848|DATE OF DEATH = [July 26, [1925-->

Frege summary
Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) ... Frege was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic.

Gottlob Frege from FOLDOC
Frege, Gottlob ==> Gottlob Frege < person, history, philosophy, mathematics, logic, theory > (1848-1925) A mathematician who put mathematics on a new and more solid foundation.

Gottlob Frege from FOLDOC
Gottlob Frege < person, history, philosophy, mathematics, logic, theory > (1848-1925) A mathematician who put mathematics on a new and more solid foundation.

Gottlob Frege - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848, Wismar, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  – 26 July 1925, Bad Kleinen, Germany) (IPA:  [ˈgɔtlop ˈfʁeːgə]) was a German ...

Gottlob Frege (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Open access to the SEP is made possible by a world-wide funding initiative. Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free

Gottlob Frege
Short biography from the Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford.

Frege
Frege I completed my doctorate, on Frege's theory of incomplete expressions, at Leeds University where I was supervised, until his retirement, by Peter Geach and then by Roger ...

Frege biography
Biography of Gottlob Frege (BB^Y-1925) ... Born: 8 Nov 1848 in Wismar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (now Germany) Died: 26 July 1925 in Bad Kleinen, Germany

LPSG Frege, Russell & Wittgenstein
1. The Paper. Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein have had a unique and powerful influence on almost all aspects of twentieth century analytic philosophy.

Frege, Gottlob
The Free Online Dictionary of Computing (http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/) is edited by Denis Howe < dbh@doc.ic.ac.uk >. Previous: freeze Next: frequency division multiple access

 

Frege



 
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